한국전쟁 이후 이승만 정부의 ‘反共防日’ 교육정책 수립과 국사교과서 서술

초록

After the Korean War, the Syngman Rhee administration established the First National Curriculum, which reflected its "anti-communist and anti-Japanese" education policy. Research on the First National Curriculum has primarily focused on "anti-communism." However, documents such as the Guidelines for Anti-Communist and Anti-Japanese Education confirm that "anti-Japanese" education was as significant as "anti-communism" during this period. The National History Textbooks published at the time effectively incorporated the "anti-communist and anti-Japanese" educational directives of the First National Curriculum. While narratives related to "anti-communism" appeared consistently across all textbooks, the inclusion of "anti-Japanese" directives varied depending on the author. This trend was consistent in both high school and middle school history textbooks. The variation in the portrayal of "anti-Japanese" education guidelines across textbooks by different publishers reflects the trajectory of the Rhee administration's policies toward Japan following the Korean War. From the establishment of the government onward, Syngman Rhee continuously sought to improve relations with Japan. Amid the Cold War, where confrontation with communism was critical, the Rhee administration temporarily set aside its "anti-Japanese" stance to prioritize "anti-communism." In conclusion, the "anti-communist and anti-Japanese" education policy of the Rhee administration adhered to its foundational principles while adjusting the intensity of the "anti-Japanese" stance in response to international circumstances.

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