Intrinsic toxicity of stable nanosized titanium dioxide using polyacrylate in human keratinocytes

Abstract

Backgrounds: Trends in the use of an anticoagulant as a dispersing stabilizer are addressed. An effective approach to preparing stable nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO(2)) for accurate and systematic assessment of nano- toxicity has not been established. Methods: Among the dispersants tested here, it was found that sodium polyacrylate (PAA) was the most effective dispersant for nTiO(2) in culture media. Our study was the first to demonstrate that a stable PAA-dispersed nTiO(2) (nTiO(2)/PAA) suspension showed more toxic than nTiO(2) without PAA in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Results: Initially, MTT results showed that the stable nTiO(2)/PAA dispersion exhibited significantly greater cytotoxicity than nTiO(2) without PAA. In addition, the stable nTiO(2)/PAA dispersion induced markedly more oxidative stress than nTiO(2) without PAA. Importantly, the stable nTiO(2)/PAA dispersion caused DNA breakage to a greater extent than nTiO(2) without PAA. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the anti-coagulant PAA is suitable for preparing homologous dispersed nTiO(2) under realistic physiological culture test conditions.