Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences

Abstract

Critical illness neuromyopathy (CINM) is a prevalent yet often underdiagnosed condition in critically ill patients, contributing significantly to difficulties in ventilator weaning and limb weakness in intensive care units (ICU). CINM can be categorized into two primary subtypes: critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy. These conditions frequently arise in the context of severe sepsis, multiple organ failure, or as adverse effects of certain medications used in the ICU. Patients who survive with CINM often face persistent functional disabilities and a diminished quality of life. Consequently, proactive strategies to prevent or mitigate CINM are crucial in the management of critically ill patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CINM, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current approaches to clinical management. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.