Exploring Nanotechnology for a Sustainable Economy

Abstract

As the world faces growing concerns over climate change and dwindling fossil fuel supplies, the need for cleaner, more sustainable energy has never been greater. This chapter explores how nanomaterials, tiny structures invisible to the naked eye, are playing a big role in reshaping how we produce and store energy. From boosting the efficiency of solar panels to making batteries last longer and charge faster, nanomaterials are becoming essential tools in our transition to greener energy solutions. The chapter explains how these materials, such as carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, and hybrid composites, are being used in everything from wind turbines and fuel cells to biofuels and thermoelectric systems. It also highlights how nanotechnology is helping to create better energy storage devices, including next-generation batteries and supercapacitors, which are crucial for renewable power and electric vehicles. By combining cutting-edge science with real-world energy challenges, this chapter shows how the nanomaterials can help solve some of our biggest problems, offering hope for a cleaner, more sustainable future. © 2026 Bimal Krishna Banik, Prashant Singh, and Garima Pandey.