Unlocking next-generation energy storage via gel polymer electrolytes

Abstract

With the rapid rise in portable electronic and wearable devices, safety concerns have become a global research focus. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) offer a safer and more adaptable alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes, enabling the design of flexible energy storage systems (ESS). Combining viscoelasticity with metallic, semiconductor, and organic components, GPEs have emerged as key materials for advanced ESS applications. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress in GPEs, emphasizing their enhanced physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance. Key topics include the concept of unity lithium-ion transference number and pseudocapacitance, as well as advancements in smart GPEs with self-healing, thermotolerant, and self-protection capabilities. The review concludes by discussing prospects and challenges for future research on GPEs, aiming to propel next-generation energy storage systems.