Enhancing the validity of social measures on human rights awareness: a dual-method approach integrating exploratory factor analysis and latent profile analysis

Abstract

Licensed caregivers (LCs) are crucial in Korea’s long-term care systems, ensuring the well-being of older adults. This study examines the human rights awareness of 1,050 LCs against a backdrop of increasing elder abuse in residential facilities. The study employed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to assess multi-dimensional human rights awareness–spanning self-determination, anti-discrimination, individualized care, anti-abuse, and advocacy. We identified three dimensions: Person-Centered Care, Anti-Abuse, and Insensitive Care. LCs were categorized into five profiles: Basic Awareness (BAR), Sensitivity to Abuse Only (SOA), Unawareness (UHR), Sensitivity to Human Rights (SHR), and Unassertiveness in Advocacy Rights (UAR). Predominantly, LCs exhibited strong human rights sensitivity, falling into the SHR group, showing strong human rights sensitivity. The results underscore the necessity of targeted, ongoing education to bridge gaps in advocacy and comprehensive care, advocating for a personalized care approach in facilities for older adults. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.