Nanoparticles in Modern Antimicrobial and Antiviral Applications

Abstract

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have garnered significant attention in the realm of biomedical applications due to their unique properties and versatile potential. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted landscape surrounding the utilization of CeO2 NPs in biomedicine and highlighting their remarkable catalytic and redox properties. These attributes have positioned them as promising candidates for diverse biomedical roles. The advantages and disadvantages section explores the dual nature of CeO2 NPs. Their antioxidative behavior, stemming from their ability to switch between Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states, is a notable advantage, making them potential candidates for therapeutic interventions in oxidative stress-related diseases. However, their redox capability also raises concerns regarding potential pro-oxidant effects, emphasizing the need for meticulous evaluation. The toxicity aspect underscores the importance of understanding the potential risks associated with CeO2 NPs utilization. Addressing their interactions with biological systems, including cells and tissues, is imperative. While CeO2 NPs’ antioxidant properties are promising, there are also concerns regarding their potential to induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The antimicrobial application section highlights the emerging role of CeO2 NPs in combating microbial infections. Their ability to mitigate bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and even antibiotic-resistant strains underscores their potential to revolutionize infection control strategies. The role of CeO2 NPs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with recent research has explored their potential in antiviral applications, including as inhibitors of viral enzymes and agents for sanitizing surfaces. Their contribution to mitigating the impact of COVID-19 underscores their relevance in contemporary healthcare challenges. This chapter culminates with an exploration of recent advancements in CeO2 NPs research. As a dynamic field, ongoing studies are unraveling novel aspects of their behavior, interactions, and applications. These insights pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies and personalized medical interventions. In summary, this chapter provides an encompassing glimpse into the multifaceted world of CeO2 NPs for biomedical applications. Their advantages, disadvantages, toxicity considerations, antimicrobial potential, and recent contributions in battling COVID-19 collectively underscore their significance in shaping the future of healthcare and medicine. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.