Prussian Blue Analogs as Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) have shown great promise as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their easy synthesis, affordability, structural adaptability, and high theoretical capacity. However, despite their considerable potential, there are still several performance challenges that hinder their practical use. This review thoroughly explores the structures of PBAs and their electrochemical reaction mechanisms, systematically summarizing current synthesis methods and modification techniques while providing forward-looking insights. Additionally, the industrial viability of PBAs is assessed from a commercialization standpoint. By examining advanced synthesis methods, material optimization strategies, and challenges in industrial development, this work aims to provide both theoretical guidance and technical prospects for enhancing the application of PBAs in practical SIBs. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.