Construction of interfacial amorphous/crystalline multi-metal sulfide heterostructures and jellyfish-derived activated carbon for high-energy density hybrid pouch supercapacitors

Abstract

Strategic design and synergistic interactions between the electrodes and electroactive materials profoundly influence the energy storage efficiency of supercapacitor devices. Herein, we present the interfacial engineering of CoMoS4-NiS2 with a well-defined construction of amorphous/crystalline heterophases deposited on carbon cloth using a hydrothermal technique. The optimal in-situ growth of CoMoS4- NiS2 @CFC boasts an impressive areal capacity of 1341 mC cm-2 and retains similar to 91 % capacity after 50 0 0 cycles, attributed to the synergy effect and improved conductivity of multi-metallic sulfide ions over the CFC substrate. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals the metallic nature of CoMoS4-NiS2 @CFC and favorable OH- ion adsorption energy of -4.35 eV, enhancing its charge storage capabilities. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) and Pouch HSC are assembled utilizing the CoMoS4-NiS2 @CFC as a positrode and marine waste jellyfish-derived AC as a negatrode with an aqueous electrolyte. The HSC and PHSC demonstrate superior specific energies of 51.99 and 58.4 W h kg-1, respectively, along with corresponding specific powers of 800 and 780 W kg-1, maintaining robust stability of similar to 90 % stability over 10 0 0 0 cycles. Additionally, the HSC and PHSC have successfully illuminated several light-emitting diodes (LEDs) demonstrating superior energy storage performance. This work advances the design of hetero-phase multi-metal sulfides, paving the way for high-performance supercapacitor devices. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.