Prevalence and severity of symptoms and signs in patients with advanced cancer in the last days of life: the East Asian collaborative cross-cultural study to elucidate the dying process (EASED)

Abstract

Purpose Few large-scale studies have focused on the prevalence of symptoms and signs during the last days of patients diagnosed with advanced cancer. Identifying the patterns of specific symptoms according to cancer type is helpful to provide end-of-life care for patients with advanced cancer. We investigated the prevalence and severity of symptoms and signs associated with impending death in patients with advanced cancer. Methods In this secondary analysis of an international multicenter cohort study conducted in three East Asian countries, we compared the severity of symptoms and signs among dying patients in the last 3 days of life according to the type of primary cancer using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post hoc analysis was conducted for multiple comparisons of each symptom according to the type of primary cancer. Results We analyzed 2131 patients from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The prevalence of most symptoms and signs were relatively stable from 1 week after admission to the last 3 days of life. According to cancer type, edema of the lower extremities was the most common symptom and fatigue/ascites were the most severe symptoms in digestive tract cancer. For lung cancer, respiratory secretion was the most prevalent and dyspnea/respiratory secretion were the most severe symptoms. Conclusion We demonstrated the prevalence and severity of symptoms and signs associated with the impending death of patients with advanced cancer in East Asia. Our study can enable clinicians to recognize the specific symptoms and signs at the very end of life.