Validation of analytical method for -dicarbonyl compounds using gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorous detector and their levels in alcoholic beverages

Abstract

This study aimed to establish an analytical method for -dicarbonyl compounds (-DCs) including glyoxal, methylglyoxal and diacetyl, to determine the content of -DCs in 101 various alcoholic beverages using gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD) and to perform exposure assessment. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for -DCs were 0.05-0.22 and 0.15-0.70gg(-1), respectively. The accuracy and precision were validated in five matrices. The raspberry fruit wine had the highest value at 139.74gg(-1) total -DCs. The lowest -DC concentration among the beverages was detected in rice wine (Makgeolli) at 1.59gg(-1). The levels of -DCs in various samples were detected as follows: 1.59-56.68gg(-1) in rice wine (Makgeolli), 2.73-16.77gg(-1) in beer, 8.22-139.74gg(-1) in fruit wine and 8.17-91.56gg(-1) in rice wine (Cheongju). The estimated daily intake of -DCs in the intake-only group and population group was calculated as 4.22-97.94gkg(-1) bwday(-1) and 0.28-7.13gkg(-1) bwday(-1), respectively.