Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add-on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Abstract

Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin versus placebo as an add-on in patients with type 2 diabetes who did not achieve adequate glycaemic control with evogliptin and metformin combination. Patients and Methods In this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial, patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels >= 7.0% (>= 53 mmol/mol) and <= 10.5% (<= 91 mmol/mol) who had received stable-dose metformin (>= 1000 mg) and evogliptin (5 mg) for at least 8 weeks were randomized to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. Participants continued treatment with metformin and evogliptin. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c level after 24 weeks of treatment from baseline level. Results In total, 198 patients were randomized, and 195 patients were included in the efficacy analyses (dapagliflozin: 96, placebo: 99). At Week 24, dapagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c levels. The least squares mean difference in HbA1c level change from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment was -0.70% (-7.7 mmol/mol) (p < 0.0001). The proportion of participants achieving HbA1c <7.0% (>= 53 mmol/mol) was higher in the dapagliflozin group than in the placebo group. Compared to placebo, dapagliflozin significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, mean daily glucose, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index, body weight, hepatic steatosis index, and albuminuria. Adiponectin level significantly increased from baseline level after 24 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment. Adverse event rates were similar in the two groups. Conclusion Dapagliflozin add-on to evogliptin plus metformin improved glycaemic control and was well tolerated by the target patients.