Regenerative medicine for early osteoarthritis

Abstract

The concept of early osteoarthritis (OA) is based on the expectation that if found and treated in the early stage, the progression of the disease might be arrested before affected joints are irreversibly destroyed. This notion of early OA detection can also bear meaning for regenerative medicine (RM) which is purposed to cure a disease by regenerating the damaged tissue. RM can be a category of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) and provide an attractive treatment for OA, restoring structural damage incurred during the disease by repopulating cells and reconstituting. While cell therapy including the use of stem cells is conflated with RM, it may also comprise gene therapy, exosomes, and other cell or cell-free-derived products. Considering that not all early OA will become advanced OA and that RM has a characteristic of personalized medicine, it would be very important to foretell, even roughly, which patients will progress rapidly and who will favorably respond to regenerative treatment. Subclassification and comprehensive endotyping or phenotyping (E/P) can be very helpful in detecting the population who would benefit from RM as well as rapid progressors who need closer monitoring.